Abstract

The cell membrane, a critical component of cellular function, is highly sensitive to external physical factors, including low-intensity laser radiation. This study investigates the effect of low-intensive Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser radiation on the composition and content of key membrane lipids—phospholipids (PL) and sterols—in the callus tissues of wheat (*Triticum aestivum* L.). Callus tissues were exposed to a specific dose of He-Ne laser radiation, and subsequent biochemical analysis was performed to quantify changes in the lipid profile, which is integral to membrane fluidity, permeability, and signal transduction. The results indicate that laser irradiation significantly alters the balance of membrane components, notably inducing lipid peroxidation processes and causing a marked increase in the content of the dominant plant sterol, $\\beta$-sitosterol. Furthermore, changes were observed in the relative proportions of various phospholipid classes, suggesting a restructuring of the membrane bilayer. These findings underscore the role of low-intensive He-Ne laser radiation as a biostimulator that modulates plant cell membrane structure and function, providing a crucial mechanism for understanding the cellular response of *Triticum aestivum* to photobiomodulation and its potential application in agricultural biotechnology.