Abstract

Vesicular delivery systems, such as liposomes, have revolutionized drug delivery by enhancing the solubility, stability, and targeted release of biologically active compounds. This review explores the evolution of these systems, from conventional phospholipid-based liposomes to more advanced, hybrid structures like cerasomes. The primary objective is to critically analyze the structural characteristics, preparation methods, and functional advantages of these diverse vesicle types in the context of membrane and cell biology. Liposomes, formed by lipid bilayers, mimic cell membranes and are widely used, but their inherent instability and rapid clearance limit their efficacy. Cerasomes, a newer class of hybrid vesicles, incorporate a silica-based shell, offering superior mechanical stability, tunable permeability, and resistance to enzymatic degradation, which are crucial for prolonged circulation and controlled release. Key findings highlight that the transition from purely organic to hybrid organic-inorganic vesicles significantly improves cargo protection and allows for surface functionalization to achieve cell-specific targeting. The review emphasizes the potential of cerasomes and related nanovesicles to overcome the limitations of traditional systems, paving the way for next-generation therapeutics in fields ranging from cancer treatment to gene therapy, underscoring their significance as versatile tools in nanomedicine and cellular delivery.