Abstract

Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC-NPs) are increasingly explored for biomedical applications, particularly as oxygen carriers and contrast agents. However, their interaction with blood, a complex cellular system, and the potential impact on cellular integrity and function remain critical areas of investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PFC-NPs on the cellular components of blood, focusing on membrane stability and cellular morphology, which are central to cell biology. Using flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and assays for hemolysis and oxidative stress, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of PFC-NPs on erythrocytes and leukocytes. Key findings indicate that at clinically relevant concentrations, PFC-NPs do not induce significant hemolysis or compromise the structural integrity of red blood cell membranes. Furthermore, while high concentrations showed a minor, non-toxic alteration in leukocyte activation markers, the overall cellular viability remained high. These results suggest that PFC-NPs exhibit a high degree of biocompatibility with the cellular elements of blood, providing essential data for their safe and effective development as next-generation nanomedicines in transfusion and diagnostic applications.